Uno sport da valorizzare : la pesca subacquea All’interno di quel vasto settore che vede come suo elemento centrale il mare, non potevamo non fare riferimento ad uno dei metodi più ancient contact between human element water itself, namely the practice of the dive and then diving in their development of sports, science and business, various aspects of the same ball, held together by a common thread represented the short Latin prefix "sub", which retains its basic meaning of "under."
diving activities
Since a very distant past the man came into contact with the marine environment and the immersion in it for two basic purposes: war or business.
It must be the time of the Renaissance, the first draft of a diving bell and 1797, the work of Karl Heinrich German Klingert , that is a compressed-air diving suit is the first metal diving helmet, both followed by the deployment Diver of the first prototype, that of the semi-rigid diving suit, which began in 1819 and completed in 1837 from English Siebe Gorman.
As for the first well-documented and described diving company we have to wait until 1913, when a sponge greek fisherman named George Haggi Statti dived to 80 feet deep to retrieve the anchor of the ship Italian "Regina Margherita".
With the passage of time then, during World War II, it was mainly the war needs to give great impetus to the further development of equipment for diving, followed closely by those raised by the sports fields, archeology, photography and biology marina.
The creation of increasingly sophisticated tools and methodologies are then due to enlargement of the areas that are primarily interested in improving the most common form of diving and simple, as practiced in apnea.
The free diving
apnea is SCUBA DIVING relatively simple and old, born mainly in relation to fishing activities, and as such governed for the first time in Italian law by an Act of July 1965, as subsequently amended by the decrees of the President of the Republic in 1983 and 1987.
The free diving allows the body the proper continuation of the metabolic processes, having regard to the maintenance of normal gas exchange, not compromised by the decrease of oxygen concentration and increased that of carbon dioxide, due to both phenomena ' interruption of breathing.
Just to avoid an excessive increase in CO2 could cause severe brain damage and temporary loss of consciousness, the diver must perform in advance and in the recovery phase adequate hyperventilation, a maneuver that is composed of deep inhalations and exhalations.
For free diving the diver uses a specific equipment consists of four basic elements: the fins, mask the , the ' aerator and suit.
- The fins are formed by a shoe and a soft rubber blade material more or less hard, or even carbon fiber. The fins are used for diving in apnea usually have a blade 65-70 cm long and bill rather stretta.La mask must be sagomata in modo tale che il naso del sub sia compreso al suo interno : di solito le migliori sono quelle molto aderenti al viso, ottimali se in cristallo, che lascino il minor spazio possibile all’aria e che abbiano le lenti complanari, in modo da non causare una visione distorta.
- L’areatore (anche detto respiratore), è invece un semplice tubo di gomma con un boccaglio solitamente in silicone.
- Per quanto riguarda la muta, utilizzata per evitare l’eccessiva dispersione del calore corporeo a contatto con l’acqua, ne esistono diversi tipologie: umide, semistagne e stagne. A seconda dell’utilizzo cui viene destinata sarà consigliabile uno o l’altro modello: per l’apnea okay the wetsuit, which allows a minimum water permeability. Any suit is usually made up of a jacket and trousers, usually without hinges and now fully neoprene (originally rubber), together with boots and gloves of the same material. Are added to the suit, as accessories very good at, a weighted belt, a halogen lamp or a flashlight and a knife for any kind of danger.
If you dive for the fishing trip on a sub part of this equipment air rifle (in the past by previous models and liquefied gas cartridge).
sport diver
Gli sport subacquei furono unificati per la prima volta dall’ Unione Sportiva Dario Gonzatti , fondata da Luigi Ferraro nel 1948.
Fu lo stesso Ferraro ad occuparsi di promuovere l’inserimento di questi sport in un’associazione sportiva nazionale: nel 1949 essi entrarono quindi a far parte della FIPS (FIPSAS dal 1995, ossia Federazione italiana pesca sportiva e attività subacquee).
Elenchiamo di seguito brevemente le attività agonistiche che gestisce e coordina la FIPSAS , e che vengono seguite a livello internazionale dalla CMAS (Confederation mondiale des activites subacquatiques).
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- Pesca subacquea : il cui primo campionato europeo venne organizzato a Sestri Levante nel 1954, e che è ad oggi un’attività molto diffusa a livello internazionale. Molti risultati positivi in questa disciplina sono stati raggiunti ai Mondiali e ai Campionati Europei dalla squadra nazionale italiana.
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- Fotografia subacquea : la cui prima edizione di campionati mondiali risale a tempi più recenti (Calampiso in Sicilia nel 1979). Questa disciplina prevede due categorie, la sportiva in apnea e la tecnica con ARA, entrambe da svolgere con attrezzature fotografiche libere e l’utilizzo di pellicole 24x26 mm.
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- Finswimming .
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- Shooting underwater target : which races will be conducted in apnea and with the use of rifles or spring or compressed air. The competition consists of two series of three shots for each participant (in the target fixed and mobile, at a distance of 3-3.5 m from the firing line) to be held in a maximum time of five minutes per set.
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- free diving : whose records are performed using two different techniques, tilting (or down with the help of a weight sliding along a steel wire) or in constant weight (ie deep down and re-emerging only with the help of down strokes). Italian names in sports history and I note in this discipline were J. Mayol and E. Mallorca, both record-holder in the world.
Today there are many associations, agencies and schools throughout the country issuing certificates, offers courses and "educate" anyone who has a passion or curiosity for optimal contact between the human element in a strictly aquatic environment-natural and sports.
Insights
It 'Underwater Fishing
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- at night (allowed only from sunrise to sunset);
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- less than 500 m from the beaches frequented by bathers;
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- at less than 100 m from fixed fishing nets, ships at anchor;
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- at a sea of \u200b\u200bregular transit of ships for the exit and entry ports and anchorages (determined by the head of the compartment maritime transport);
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- in protected areas.
is also forbidden:
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- The use of hearing aids breathing, but is allowed to carry guns on half water and underwater breathing devices, the maximum capacity of 10 liters, subject to the prohibition of their use today. In this case, half the water a person must remain ready to intervene in case of emergency;
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- hold the spear in place of weapons except in passing and diving in areas frequented by bathers;
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- the use of the spear under the age of 16. Anyone who sells or assigns (if custody following use) a gun or a similar tool under the age of sixteen shall be punished with administrative sanctions 250 euro a 1500 euro.
È obbligatorio :
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- denunciare all'Autorità Marittima il rinvenimento di relitti di apparecchiature militari, armi, bombe ed altri ordigni esplosivi, oggetti d'interesse storico, archeologico ed etnografico;
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- che il subacqueo si segnali con una una boa visibile a 300 m; nel caso - sempre opportuno - che il subacqueo si appoggi ad una barca, può essere esposta su questa una bandiera (il che è obbligatorio se nessuno resta a bordo): quella bianco-celeste corrispondente alla lettera A del Codice Internazionale dei Segnali, o quella rossa con una striscia diagonale bianca, se si è in national waters;
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- that the diver remains within a radius of 50 m from the vertical signal (or half water mark).
Catch limits:
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- for the sports fisherman divers are the same for fishing surface:
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- 5 kg daily total of fish, mollusks and crustaceans ( except in the case of an individual fish weighing more)
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- a single grouper per day, of any kind.
Food items are prohibited:
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- you can not collect "corals, molluscs and crustaceans. "The term" shellfish "is used narrowly, there remains the possibility of catching cephalopods (octopus, squid and cuttlefish), is strictly prohibited to fish instead of dates (lithofagus-lithofagus). The collection of urchin sea \u200b\u200bis only permitted in apnea, hand and up to 50 pieces a day.
Discipline Sea Fisheries Act (July 14, 1965 No. 963)
The law refers to the Regulations with regard to "the caution and rules to be observed in possession of and use of the spear gun or similar tools "(Article 18, paragraph II), and only sets the minimum age for fishing with these equipment in 16 years.
L ' Article 15 of the Act (protection of biological resources and fishing activity) provides a general prohibition of "fishing in prohibited zones and time in the regulations, decrees, orders lawfully promulgated by the Administrative and possessing, transporting or trading the product of the fisheries and fish much greater than those authorized for each species, regulations, decrees and orders lawfully issued by the administrative authority. " The prohibition is punishable under Article. 26 with a fine of between 500 to 3000 €.
The articolo27 indica come sanzioni amministrative accessorie :
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- la confisca del pescato;
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- la confisca degli strumenti, degli attrezzi e degli apparecchi di pesca usati in contrasto con le norme della legge, escluse le navi.
L' art 26 comma II° prevede la stessa sanzione pecuniaria per tutte le infrazioni alle norme sulla pesca subacquea stabilite nel Regolamento, che andiamo subito ad analizzare.
Tra le disposizioni generali, l' articolo 7 ( classi di pesca ) definisce la pesca sportiva come "attività esercitata a scopo ricreativo o agonistico" e vieta "sotto qualsiasi forma, la vendita e il commercio dei prodotti di tale tipo di pesca". Di modesto interesse il coordinato disposto degli artt 3 e 6 lett. 2 che definiscono il fucile subacqueo e la fiocina a mano come "attrezzi da pesca". Ricordiamo comunque che anche se non si tratta di armi in senso proprio, i fucili subacquei restano pur sempre strumenti atti ad offendere, e che perciò - se si vogliono evitare problemi con le forze dell'ordine - è sempre bene non averli con sé in situazioni in cui diventa difficile giustificarne la detenzione ( es : fucile senza il resto dell'attrezzatura nel bagagliaio dell'auto mentre ci si reca in ufficio o in montagna ).
Articolo 128-bis - Esercizio della pesca Underwater sports - "The spear fishing is allowed only in sport diving without the use of auxiliary breathing. Of the latter only allowed to be used for purposes other than fishing." The first paragraph does not present difficulties of interpretation, as it has the second: "The angler can not collect underwater corals, molluscs and crustaceans. The rule uses the term "shellfish" be construed narrowly, that does not rely on cephalopods such as octopus, squid and cuttlefish.
Article 128-ter (Article 3 DM 06/01/1987, n. 249) - "For safety and protection of the fishermen divers, both professional sports, is allowed to carry on the same vessel used on rifles for spearfishing or similar means and with auxiliary breathing, exclusively, and for each half water, a cylinder capacity not exceeding 10 liters, without prejudice to the prohibition of use thereof for the exercise of fishing. During the underwater fishing the angler must be constantly followed by edge of water for at least half a person ready to intervene in cases of emergency, but in any case must be on board the vehicle itself a rope long enough to recover spearfishing . "
L ' articolo129 entitled" Limitations " pone alcuni limiti temporali e spaziali all'esercizio della pesca subacquea, che è vietato :
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- a distanza inferiore a 500 metri dalle spiagge frequentate da bagnanti;
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- a distanza inferiore a 100 metri dagli impianti fissi da pesca e alle reti da posta;
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- a distanza inferiore a 100 metri dalle navi ancorate fuori dai porti;
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- in zone di mare di regolare transito di navi per l'uscita o l'entrata nei porti ed ancoraggi, determinate dal capo del compartimento marittimo;
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- dal tramonto al sorgere del sole ( lettera aggiunta dal D.P.R. 219/83).
L ' Article 130 requires the diver to "marked with a float carrying a red flag with white diagonal stripe, visible at a distance not less than 300 meters." If the diver has means of support, "the flag should be hoisted on the boats. The diver must operate within a radius of 50 m from the vertical support of half water or float bearing the flag of warning."
L ' Article 131, which closes the section on underwater fishing is forbidden to "hold the spear in cocking if not submerged.
L ' Article 142 provides for the famous limit of 5 kg, "the angler can not catch a daily fish, molluscs and crustaceans in quantities exceeding 5 kg in total, except in the case of individual fish weighing more. It can not be captured on a daily basis over a copy of any grouper species belong (paragraph added by the Presidential Decree 219/83). The provision in question speaks of the angler in general: the reference to shellfish (not cephalopods) can not extend to spearfishing for the presence of a specific rule prohibits the capture of these bodies (art. 128 bis).
L ' articolo144 "Sporting Events" to exclude paragraph II the operation of the limit of 5 kg in relation to "participants in sporting events" (paragraph added by the Presidential Decree 219/83), which according to the First paragraph of a rule must be approved by the head of the maritime district by ordinance.
